Quantum Volume (QV)
The largest square circuit, with as many layers as qubits, that a machine runs reliably; reported as 2 to the power of that size.
When results can be compared
Comparable across gate-based machines when run to the published protocol. It grows exponentially, so a QV of 2^20 is 1,000 times 2^10, not twice. It says little about machines too large to test this way.
Where it comes from
IBM researchers (Cross, Bishop, Sheldon and colleagues), 2019. Note: Created by IBM, a hardware maker; now used across the industry.
- Type
- Benchmark, system level
- Unit
- quantum volume
- Better is
- Higher
- Applies to
- gate-based machines
Results
| Machine | Value | Set-up | Published | Measured by | Grade | Record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quantinuum H2 | 2²⁵ | standard | 3 Nov 2025 | Maker | B | r-000020 |
| IQM Quantum Computers Emerald | 2⁶ | standard | 5 Aug 2025 | Maker | C | r-000046 |
| Quantinuum H2 | 2²³ | standard | 12 May 2025 | Maker | C | r-000021 |
| IQM Quantum Computers Garnet | 32 | standard | 22 Aug 2024 | Maker | B | r-000042 |
| Quantinuum H1 | 2⁹ | standard | 2022 | Independent | A | r-000053 |
| IonQ Harmony | 8 | standard | 2022 | Independent | A | r-000054 |
| Rigetti Computing Aspen-M-1 | 8 | standard | 2022 | Independent | A | r-000055 |